Program and Process are terms related to computing, but they differ in nature and function. A Program is a static set of instructions written in code that resides on storage and waits to be executed, such as a software application. A Process, on the other hand, is a dynamic instance of a program in execution, actively running in the system's memory and utilizing CPU and other resources.
What is a Program?
A program refers to a set of instructions written in a programming language that performs a specific task. It is a static entity, meaning it is a file stored on a disk, which becomes a process when executed. Programs can be simple, performing basic functions, or complex systems like operating systems and database management systems.
Examples of Programs:
- A text editor software like Notepad.
- A web browser application like Google Chrome.
- An operating system like Windows 10.
What is a Process?
A process is what you get when a program is executed by a computer. It is a dynamic entity, consisting of the program code and the current activity, including the program counter, registers, and variable storage. A process represents a program in execution and includes the execution state, memory, data, and other system resources.
Examples of Processes:
- An instance of a web browser running on your computer.
- A mobile app being used on your smartphone.
- Multiple instances of a spreadsheet program opened simultaneously.
Difference Between Program and Process
| Basis | Program | Process |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A static set of instructions stored on a disk. | A dynamic execution instance of a program. |
| Nature | Static, does not change unless the file is modified. | Dynamic, changes as the instructions are executed. |
| Dependency | Independent, exists without needing to be executed. | Dependent on the program for its creation. |
| Components | Code written in a file. | Execution state, system resources, memory allocation. |
| Execution | Cannot execute on its own, requires a system's processing capabilities. | Executes in the system's environment, utilizing CPU and memory. |
| Multiplicity | One program can be used to create multiple processes. | Each process is a separate entity, often running concurrently with others. |
| Examples | Python script before running. | Python script during execution. |
