The list of 10 countries with their capitals gives a clear window into the world’s geography, culture, and politics. Capitals are more than administrative centers, they’re the lifeblood of their nations, shaping governance, history, and identity. This in-depth article explores ten major countries and their capitals, with real facts, figures, and rich insights. Each profile highlights population, geography, global significance, and interesting details that make these cities unique.

Quick Overview: List of 10 Countries with Their Capitals

Country	Capital City	Population (Approx.)	Interesting Fact / Key Feature
India	New Delhi	32 million (metro)	Center of the world’s largest democracy
United States	Washington D.C.	6 million (metro)	Designed as a neutral federal capital
France	Paris	11 million (metro)	Known globally as the “City of Lights”
Japan	Tokyo	37 million (metro)	World’s most populated metropolitan capital
Australia	Canberra	430,000	Planned city between Sydney and Melbourne
Brazil	Brasília	3 million	Modernist capital designed in 1960
United Kingdom	London	9 million	Global financial and cultural hub
Canada	Ottawa	1 million	Represents bilingual unity (English-French)
Germany	Berlin	3.7 million	Symbol of unity after Cold War division
China	Beijing	22 million	Mix of ancient heritage and modern power

1. India – New Delhi: The Heartbeat of the World’s Largest Democracy

New Delhi, the capital of India, is not just the political hub; it’s the cultural and historical center of the country. Established in 1911 during British rule, it became the seat of power after independence in 1947. The city is home to the President’s residence, Parliament, and the Supreme Court. As part of the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), New Delhi’s population has crossed 32 million, making it one of the most densely populated metros in the world. It is also a major diplomatic hub, hosting more than 150 embassies.

Key Highlights of New Delhi

• Population: ~32 million (2025 est.)
• Known for: India Gate, Rashtrapati Bhavan, and Red Fort
• Languages: Hindi, English
• Fact: Declared India’s capital on 13 February 1931

2. United States – Washington D.C.: The Federal City of Power and Policy

Washington D.C. is a symbol of American democracy. Established in 1790, it was built as a planned city to avoid favoritism among existing states. It sits along the Potomac River and is the epicenter of U.S. federal power. With about 6 million people in its metro area, Washington D.C. houses the U.S. Capitol, White House, and Supreme Court. Beyond politics, it’s a city filled with museums, history, and monuments that tell the American story.

Key Highlights of Washington D.C.

• Population: ~6 million (metro)
• Founded: 1790
• Famous sites: Lincoln Memorial, National Mall, White House
• Interesting fact: It’s not part of any U.S. state

3. France – Paris: The City of Lights and Global Influence

Paris is France’s capital and one of the world’s most recognized cities. Founded in the 3rd century BC, it became the political and cultural capital over 1,000 years ago. With an 11 million metro population, Paris combines art, history, and modernity. It houses key institutions like the Élysée Palace, home of the French President, and major organizations such as UNESCO. Paris’s global influence extends to fashion, diplomacy, and architecture, making it one of the most visited cities in the world.

Key Highlights of Paris

• Population: ~11 million (metro)
• Famous landmarks: Eiffel Tower, Louvre, Arc de Triomphe
• Currency: Euro (€)
• Fun fact: Paris has 37 bridges crossing the River Seine

4. Japan – Tokyo: The World’s Largest and Most Advanced Capital

Tokyo is a modern marvel. Originally known as Edo, it became Japan’s capital in 1868 when Emperor Meiji moved his residence there. With over 37 million people in its metro area, Tokyo is the world’s largest capital city. Tokyo serves as Japan’s center for government, technology, and economy. From skyscrapers to Shinto shrines, it perfectly blends tradition with innovation. It’s also one of the safest and cleanest megacities worldwide.

Key Highlights of Tokyo

• Population: ~37 million (metro)
• Founded: 1868 (as capital)
• Major attractions: Imperial Palace, Shibuya Crossing, Tokyo Tower
• Interesting fact: Tokyo has hosted the Olympic Games twice (1964 & 2020)

5. Australia – Canberra: The City of Balance and Vision

Canberra was chosen as Australia’s capital in 1908 to resolve rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne. Officially established in 1913, it was designed by architect Walter Burley Griffin as a planned city. Despite being smaller than other capitals, Canberra plays a vital role as the nation’s administrative heart. The city has a calm and green atmosphere, surrounded by natural reserves, lakes, and symbolic government buildings.

Key Highlights of Canberra

• Population: ~430,000
• Founded: 1913
• Key landmarks: Parliament House, Lake Burley Griffin, National Museum
• Unique fact: Only capital in the world designed entirely on geometric plans

6. Brazil – Brasília: A Modern Capital with Futuristic Design

Brasília replaced Rio de Janeiro as Brazil’s capital in 1960. It was designed to encourage development in the country’s interior and symbolize progress. With about 3 million people, Brasília stands out for its unique airplane-shaped layout, modernist architecture, and national institutions. It’s one of the world’s best examples of a successfully planned city.

Key Highlights of Brasília

• Population: ~3 million
• Founded: 1960
• Famous sites: National Congress, Cathedral of Brasília
• Fun fact: Entire city was built in less than four years

7. United Kingdom – London: The Timeless Capital of Empire and Evolution

London’s history as a capital dates back nearly 2,000 years to the Roman era. Today, it’s one of the world’s most important financial, political, and cultural cities. With a population of 9 million, London is home to the British Parliament, Buckingham Palace, and the Prime Minister’s residence. It’s also a global hub for education, arts, and tourism, welcoming millions of visitors annually.

Key Highlights of London

• Population: ~9 million
• Founded: Roman Londinium (~43 AD)
• Major sites: Big Ben, Tower of London, Buckingham Palace
• Fun fact: London has over 170 museums

8. Canada – Ottawa: The Capital of Unity and Bilingualism

Ottawa, chosen as Canada’s capital in 1857, represents balance between English-speaking Ontario and French-speaking Quebec. The city blends government, culture, and bilingual harmony. With a metro population of about 1 million, Ottawa hosts Canada’s Parliament Hill and national museums. It’s also known for its scenic landscapes and high quality of life.

Key Highlights of Ottawa

• Population: ~1 million
• Founded: 1857 (as capital)
• Famous landmarks: Parliament Hill, Rideau Canal
• Fun fact: Ottawa freezes the Rideau Canal into the world’s longest skating rink in winter

9. Germany – Berlin: The Reunited Capital of Progress

Berlin is the symbol of Germany’s unity and resilience. Once divided during the Cold War, it was officially reunited as the capital in 1990. The city’s 3.7 million residents live amidst a blend of history and creativity. Berlin’s landmarks like the Brandenburg Gate and Reichstag stand beside modern art scenes, startups, and innovation hubs.

Key Highlights of Berlin

• Population: ~3.7 million
• Founded: 1237
• Key landmarks: Brandenburg Gate, Berlin Wall Memorial
• Unique fact: Berlin has more museums than rainy days in a year (~180 museums)

10. China – Beijing: The Ancient Capital of Power and Progress

Beijing, the capital of China, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It has been the political center for over 800 years, serving as the seat of multiple dynasties. Today, with a population exceeding 22 million, Beijing balances ancient sites like the Forbidden City with futuristic infrastructure. It’s the heart of China’s political leadership and a symbol of its growing global dominance.

Key Highlights of Beijing

• Population: ~22 million
• Founded: 1045 BC (as city)
• Famous landmarks: Tiananmen Square, Forbidden City, Great Wall
• Fact: Beijing has six UNESCO World Heritage Sites

How do New Delhi and Beijing represent cultural power in Asia?

New Delhi and Beijing stand as the cultural hearts of Asia, blending history with modern strength. New Delhi reflects India’s diversity, art, and traditions, seen in its architecture, festivals, and heritage monuments. Beijing, with its imperial past and rapid modernization, showcases China’s deep-rooted values and global influence. Both cities balance ancient culture with new-age innovation, symbolizing Asia’s rise in global leadership and creativity. Together, they represent the fusion of tradition and transformation in the modern world.

The Role of Capital Cities in Global Politics and Trade

Capital cities are not just seats of power; they drive economies, diplomacy, and international cooperation. Their influence stretches far beyond borders, shaping global trends and alliances.

Key Roles of Capital Cities in Global Politics and Trade:

• Economic Powerhouses: Capitals like London, Tokyo, and Washington D.C. are major financial centers influencing global markets.
• Policy Shapers: Cities such as Beijing and New Delhi play a key role in shaping international and regional policies.
• Diplomatic Hubs: Most capitals host foreign embassies, international organizations, and global summits.
• Trade & Investment Centers: They attract multinational corporations and foreign investors due to strong economic frameworks.
• Innovation Leaders: Capitals often lead in education, research, and technology, fueling national growth.
• Cultural Bridges: Through festivals, tourism, and art, they connect nations culturally and economically.
• Infrastructure Strength: Efficient transport, communication, and business networks make them global trade engines.
• Global Influence: Decisions made in capitals often affect international relations, markets, and development strategies.

FAQs on the List of 10 Countries with Their Capitals

1. Which is the most populated capital city in the world?

Tokyo, Japan, tops the list with around 37 million people in its metropolitan area.

2. Why was Canberra chosen as Australia’s capital?

It was selected to end the rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne and symbolize national unity.

3. What makes Brasília unique among world capitals?

Brasília is a planned city built in only four years, with a modernist layout resembling an airplane.

4. Which capital city is known as the “City of Lights”?

Paris earned the title for being the first major city to adopt street lighting and its global influence in art and culture.

5. How old is Berlin as a city?

Berlin was founded in 1237, making it nearly 800 years old.

6. Why is Washington D.C. not part of any U.S. state?

It was created as a federal district to ensure independence from state influence.

7. Which capital city represents bilingual harmony?

Ottawa, Canada, reflects unity between English and French-speaking citizens.

8. What makes Beijing an important world capital?

Beijing combines imperial history with modern leadership, serving as China’s political and cultural hub.